Racist passengers and sexual harassment on flights: Airlines aren't dealing with problem

Airlines are finding it hard to clamp down on instances of racism and sexual harassment, with just one in 20 leading to offenders being removed from planes, according to data from the industry's own trade group.

Last year saw 350 reported cases of "inappropriate touching" and racial, homophobic and ageist abuse on flights, the provisional International Air Transport Association figures show. Police or security officers became involved in only 178 of the incidents, with 141 resulting in nothing more than a warning. And just 17 passengers were taken off the aircraft.

Several well-publicised incidents in the past year have led to criticism of airlines, which at times have appeared more concerned with keeping flights on schedule than addressing miscreants. A video showing a white man abusing a black woman sitting close to him on a Ryanair flight went viral in October, for example, while policies toward harassment have come under increased scrutiny with the rise of the #MeToo campaign.

The IATA figures, the first collated on so-called hate crimes on aircraft, come after it has focused more on highlighting a jump in drunkenness and violence. The group, which represents close to 300 airlines, says there are some obstacles to the industry improving its record.

"There should be zero tolerance to this," said Tim Colehan, assistant director of external affairs at IATA. "However, it requires people to be willing to report to crew and sometimes for there to be witnesses. And if a country doesn't have the jurisdiction to intervene the accused will just be released."

Airline cabin crew are trained in monitoring passenger alcohol consumption, which can be a trigger for a variety of antisocial behaviour, according to Colehan, as well as in the use of deescalation techniques when incidents occur.

According to data compiled by the UK Civil Aviation Authority, reported incidents of unruly behaviour have more than quadrupled since 2013, with intoxication identified as a main trigger.

The law regarding inflight offences was tightened by the International Civil Aviation Organisations Montreal Protocol of 2014, which seeks to encourage enforcement action and close jurisdictional loopholes.

The accord has so far been ratified by only 15 of the 22 countries required, with the US, China and UK -- the three biggest aviation markets -- yet to do so, Colehan said. In some cases, domestic laws need to be altered to comply with treaty obligations. Australia has also yet to ratify the accord.